If you're exploring housing options for an adult with a developmental disability, you've likely come across the term Supported Living Services (SLS). While the name sounds straightforward, many families are left wondering what Supported Living Services actually include, who qualifies, how they're funded, and whether they're the right choice for their loved one.

Unlike residential care homes, Supported Living Services are designed to help adults live in their own home or apartment while receiving personalized support based on their individual needs. The goal isn't to do everything for someone, it's to provide the right level of assistance so they can live as independently as possible.

Whether your loved one has autism, an intellectual disability, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, or another qualifying developmental disability, understanding how Supported Living Services work in California can help you make informed decisions about the future.

What Are Supported Living Services (SLS)?

Supported Living Services (SLS) are individualized services that help adults with developmental disabilities live in homes of their choosing while receiving ongoing support with daily life.

Rather than moving into a licensed residential care facility, individuals receiving SLS typically live in:

• Their own apartment

• A rented home

• A shared home with roommates

• Another community-based living arrangement

Support is provided based on each person's Individual Program Plan (IPP), goals, and level of need.

The purpose of Supported Living Services isn't simply to provide care. It's to help individuals build independence, participate in their communities, make their own choices, and maintain the skills needed to live successfully in the least restrictive environment possible.

What Is the SLS Program in California?

In California, Supported Living Services are available through the state's developmental services system and are commonly coordinated through one of California's 21 Regional Centers for individuals who qualify.

California's Supported Living Services program focuses on helping adults remain active members of their communities instead of living in institutional settings whenever appropriate.

Depending on the individual's needs, Supported Living Services may include assistance with:

• Meal planning and cooking

• Grocery shopping

• Budgeting and paying bills

• Transportation

• Medication reminders

• Scheduling appointments

• Household chores

• Community participation

• Employment support

• Social skills

• Safety planning

• Problem-solving and decision-making

Services are flexible and can increase or decrease as an individual's needs change over time.

Who Qualifies for Supported Living Services?

Eligibility for Supported Living Services depends on each person's unique circumstances.

In California, SLS is generally available to eligible adults with developmental disabilities such as:

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) 

A developmental disability that affects how a person communicates, interacts with others, processes information, and experiences the world. Autism exists on a spectrum, meaning support needs vary widely from person to person.

Intellectual Disabilities

A group of conditions that affect a person's ability to learn, reason, solve problems, and manage everyday tasks. Individuals may benefit from ongoing support to build and maintain independent living skills.

Cerebral Palsy

A neurological condition that affects movement, muscle coordination, balance, and posture. While cerebral palsy primarily affects physical abilities, some individuals may also need support with daily living activities depending on their unique needs.

Epilepsy

A neurological disorder that causes recurring seizures. Some individuals with epilepsy live independently, while others may benefit from additional support to help manage their health, safety, and daily routines.

Other Qualifying Developmental Disabilities

California also recognizes certain other developmental disabilities that begin before adulthood and are expected to continue indefinitely. Depending on the individual's needs and eligibility, these disabilities may qualify someone for services and supports through the state's developmental services system.

Eligibility is typically determined through a California Regional Center using an assessment of the individual's abilities, support needs, goals, and living situation.

Not every person with a developmental disability will require Supported Living Services. Some individuals may thrive independently, while others may benefit from more structured housing such as a licensed adult residential care home.

What Is the Difference Between ILS and SLS?

Families often confuse Independent Living Services (ILS) and Supported Living Services (SLS) because both are designed to promote independence.

The difference lies in the level of ongoing support.

For example, ILS may teach someone how to budget, prepare meals, or use public transportation independently. SLS continues providing assistance after the individual moves into their own home and needs ongoing support to maintain those skills.

What Is the Difference Between ILS and IPS?

Another acronym families may encounter is IPS, which can have different meanings depending on the agency or organization.

In many disability and employment settings, IPS refers to employment or placement services that help individuals find and maintain competitive employment.

By comparison:

• ILS focuses on teaching everyday living skills such as cooking, budgeting, transportation, and household management.

• IPS generally focuses on employment support and helping individuals succeed in the workplace.

Because terminology can vary between organizations, it's always a good idea to ask your Regional Center or service provider how they define these programs.

Supported Living vs Independent Living

Although the terms sound similar, Supported Living and Independent Living are not the same.

Supported Living allows adults to experience independence while still receiving assistance when it's needed.

Supported Living vs Residential Care

Choosing between Supported Living and Residential Care depends on the individual's level of independence and support needs.

Neither option is better than the other. The goal is to match the housing environment to the individual's abilities, preferences, and long-term needs.

What Are the Five Principles of Supported Living?

While different organizations may describe them slightly differently, Supported Living is generally guided by five core principles.

1. Choice

Individuals should have the opportunity to make decisions about where they live, who they live with, and how they want to live their lives.

2. Independence

Support should encourage people to do as much as they can for themselves while providing assistance when needed.

3. Rights

Adults with disabilities have the same rights, freedoms, and opportunities as everyone else.

4. Inclusion

Supported Living encourages active participation in community life, employment, recreation, education, and social activities.

5. Dignity and Respect

Every individual deserves to be treated with dignity, respect, and compassion while receiving person-centered support.

These principles help ensure that services focus on empowering individuals rather than limiting their independence.

How Long Can You Live in Supported Living?

There is no standard time limit for Supported Living Services.

Some individuals receive support for many years, while others may need services throughout adulthood.

Support levels can change over time based on:

• Personal goals

• Health changes

• Living arrangements

• Skill development

• Safety needs

• Individual preferences

The objective is to provide the appropriate level of support while encouraging continued growth and independence.

How Are Supported Living Services Funded?

Funding varies depending on each person's circumstances.

In California, Supported Living Services may be funded through programs such as:

California Regional Centers 

California Regional Centers are nonprofit organizations that help eligible individuals with developmental disabilities access services such as case management, housing support, employment programs, respite care, and other community-based resources.

Medi-Cal

Medi-Cal is California's Medicaid program, providing health insurance and certain long-term care and support services for eligible children and adults with low incomes or qualifying disabilities.

Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS) Waivers

Home and Community-Based Services (HCBS) waivers are Medicaid programs that help eligible individuals receive care and support in their homes or communities instead of living in institutional settings like nursing facilities.

Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

Supplemental Security Income (SSI) is a federal program that provides monthly financial assistance to eligible individuals with disabilities or limited income and resources to help cover basic living expenses.

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI)

Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is a federal benefit that provides monthly income to individuals who are unable to work because of a qualifying disability and have earned enough work credits through Social Security.

Private Funding

Private funding refers to paying for housing or support services using personal savings, family contributions, trusts, private insurance (when applicable), or other non-government financial resources.

Some individuals may qualify for multiple funding sources, while others may need to combine public benefits with private resources.

Is Supported Living Right for Your Loved One?

Supported Living can be an excellent option for adults who want greater independence but still benefit from ongoing assistance.

It may be appropriate for individuals who:

• Want to live in their own home or apartment.

• Need help with some daily living activities.

• Can make choices with appropriate support.

• Want to participate more fully in their community.

• Benefit from flexible services rather than around-the-clock supervision.

For individuals who require continuous supervision or more intensive behavioral or personal care support, a licensed adult residential care home may be a better fit.

Frequently Asked Questions

Can adults with autism receive Supported Living Services?

Yes. Many adults with autism who meet eligibility requirements may receive Supported Living Services through California's developmental services system.

Can someone live alone while receiving Supported Living Services?

Yes. Some individuals live alone, while others choose to live with roommates or family members. Services are based on each person's needs and living arrangement.

Does Supported Living include 24-hour supervision?

Not typically. Supported Living is designed for individuals who can live in the community with ongoing support rather than continuous supervision. Individuals requiring 24-hour care may benefit from a licensed residential care home.

How do I apply for Supported Living Services in California?

Families typically begin by contacting their local California Regional Center to determine eligibility. If eligible, a service coordinator will work with the individual to develop an Individual Program Plan (IPP) and determine whether Supported Living Services are appropriate based on their goals and support needs.

Helping Adults Live More Independently

Supported Living Services offer many adults with developmental disabilities the opportunity to live with greater independence while continuing to receive personalized support tailored to their individual needs.

Whether you're just beginning to explore housing options or planning for the future, understanding how Supported Living Services work can help you make informed decisions with confidence.

If you're comparing housing options, you may also find these resources helpful:

• Housing Options for Adults with Autism

• What Is a Residential Care Home?

• Paying for Housing for Adults with Disabilities

• Adult Foster Care vs. Group Home: What's the Difference?

By learning about each housing model, families can better identify the option that provides the right balance of independence, safety, and long-term support for their loved one.